El artículo aborda el potencial que ofrece la filosofía para la renovación de los presupuestos críticos manejados por la teoría literaria indagando en dos aspectos fundamentales. Por un lado, cuestiona que la identificación de la filosofía con la literatura auspiciada por la deconstrucción excluya otras formas de relación entre sus respectivos ámbitos competenciales. Por el otro, propone una forma de hacer productiva la filosofía para la teoría que pasa no tanto por la ampliación de los referentes textuales ya consagrados por (...) la poética como por la plena exploración de sus contextos originales. En lugar de promover la especulación en torno a nuevas referencias filosóficas, se trata de devolver esas referencias a sus entornos textuales de procedencia para obtener nuevas implicaciones de antiguas formulaciones teóricas. (shrink)

El artículo muestra la influencia de los estudios homéricos de Friedrich August Wolf en la recepción romántica de Grecia y la literatura clásica. La formación filológica de los primeros autores románticos fundamenta el estrecho vínculo entre la Ciencia de la Antigüedad (Altertumswissenschaft) y la crítica literaria en el grupo de Jena. Gracias sobre todo a los estudios clásicos de Friedrich Schlegel, este vínculo resultará en una nueva concepción hermenéutica.

El artículo ubica el origen del primer romanticismo alemán en el contexto receptivo de la crítica kantiana. Se centra para ello en tres de los debates suscitados por la filosofía trascendental: la posibilidad de un principio primero del conocimiento, el vínculo que une filosofía teórica y filosofía práctica y la relación entre belleza y moral. Este planteamiento permite mostrar la formación de la estética romántica como una teoría crítica que se enfrenta a su fundamentación, su procedimiento y su finalidad. De (...) este modo queda patente la aportación del Romanticismo a las futuras teoría y la crítica literarias. (shrink)

El que en el presente libro se confronten "lenguaje" e "historia" pretende indicar que una parte especial de los que hemos sido se hace presente como "lenguaje"; pero, además, según se analiza en sus páginas, la función del historiador tuvo, en principio, algo elemental y simple. La misma etimología de la palabra significa alguien a quien se le pide consejo sobre un hecho porque "él vio lo que pasó". Al decir lo que ve, lo que interpreta, el historiador compromete la (...) veracidad de su propio ser. Colección Clásicos - Dykinson (títulos publicados)?Serie estudios?? - Sobre la democracia ateniense. Luis Gil Fernández. - Derecho natural y dignidad humana. Ernst Bloch. - Alejo Carpentier. Poética del Mediterráneo Caribe. Inmaculada López Calahorro. - P. Szondi. Teoría del drama moderno. Ensayo sobre lo trágico. - El concepto poíesis en la filosofía griega. Emilio Lledó. - Lenguaje e historia. Emilio Lledó.?Serie textos? - Heródoto. Historia. Libro I. Ed. bilingüe de J. M. Floristán. - Sófocles. Electra. Ed. bilingüe de Luis Gil Fernández. - Platón. Fedro. Ed. bilingüe de Luis Gil Fernández. - Aristóteles. Poética. Ed. bilingüe de Paloma Ortiz García. - Horacio. Arte poética. Ed. bilingüe de Luis Gil Fernández. - Boileau. El arte poética y otras sátiras. Ed. bilingüe de Alberto Torrego Salcedo. - Lezama Lima. Escritos de Estética. Ed. de Pedro Aullón de Haro. - República poética. Textos programáticos de la literatura española (siglos XVIII y XIX). Ed. de Germán Garrido Miñambres. (shrink)

El artículo trata la recepción filosófica de la ironía romántica centrándose para ello en tres momentos fundamentales: la crítica de la ironía como negatividad infinita en Hegel y Kierkegaard, su vínculo con la inhibición política en Carl Schmitt y Georg Lukács y, finalmente, su reapropiación por el pensamiento deconstructivista. El estudio propone que sólo el cuestionamiento de ciertas premisas de la modernidad filosófica ha permitido recuperar la dimensión estética del primer romanticismo.

The COVID-19 pandemic marked a before and after for the global economy, and one of the most affected sectors was the health sector, where rising costs in medical care, protective equipment and infrastructure, coupled with a decrease in income from other regular services, led a large part of health centers such as public and private hospitals to resort to unethical accounting practices for the manipulation of their financial information (creative accounting). These events of financial depression and relaxation of controls during (...) the health emergency allowed the creation of a "favorable" environment to distort financial statements through techniques such as premature recording of income, undervaluation of expenses, among others, to evade taxes and take advantage of the benefits imposed by governments to promote humanitarian aid and prioritize health care. The purpose of this article is to highlight the most common creative accounting practices that were applied in the health sector in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent effects it had on the economy and on the governmental control of the countries in the region for the detection of these practices. (shrink)

From a biographical description made by the German thinker Martin Heidegger of the Spanish thinker José Ortega y Gasset, this article sets out to explore how Heideggerian philosophy requires a tragic condition for its development and promotion. The first part of the article attempts to justify why Heidegger’s thinking would fit harmoniously within Ortega’s description of Spanish culture and his vision of death. The notion of death is approached as a cultural and philosophical problem of great relevance in order to (...) understand the being-in-the-world of a specific society or nation. In our case, we try to show that Ortega’s description of Spain as a philosophical and cultural problem at least coincides with the phenomenological-existential description that Heidegger develops in Being and Time. In its second part, through Heidegger’s dialogue with Hölderlin, an attempt is made to show how this tragic need for philosophising continues in Heidegger’s work. Finally, it concludes by leaving the reader with a question: was Heidegger a Southern-Spanish thinker? (shrink)

The roots of the Lvov-Warsaw School can be traced back to Aristotle himself. But in later times we better put them into thinking GW Leibniz and who somehow inherited many of these ways of thinking, such as the philosopher and mathematician Bernhard Bolzano. Since he would pass the key figure of Franz Brentano, who had as one of his disciples to Kazimierz Twardowski, which starts with the brilliant Polish school of mathematics and philosophy dealt with. Among them, one of the (...) most interesting thinkers must be Jan Lukasiewicz, the father of many-valued logic.Jan Łukasiewicz began teaching at the University of Lvov, and then at Warsaw, but after World War II must to continue in Dublin. Some questions may be very astonishing in the CV of Łukasiewicz. For instance, that a firstly Polish Minister of Education in Paderewski cabinet, into the new Polish Republic, and also Rector for two times at Warsaw University, was awarded with a Doctorate ‘Honoris Causa’ in spring 1936, at University of Münster, into the maximum of effervescency of Nazism in Germany. The explanation must be their good relation with a very good friend, the former theologian, and then logician, Heinrich Schölz, who was the first Chairman of Mathematical Logic in German universities.Łukasiewicz firstly studied Law, and then Mathematics and Philosophy in Lvov. His doctoral supervisor was Kazimierz Twardowski, and in 1902 he obtain his Ph. D. title with a very special mention: ‘sub auspiciis Imperatoris’. Also he received a doctorate ring with diamonds from the Kaiser of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Franz Joseph I.From 1902, Łukasiewicz was employed as a private teacher, and also as a desk in the Universitary Library of Lvov. So it was until 1904 when he obtained a scholarship to study abroad. He defends his ‘Habilitationschrift’ in 1906, entitled “Analysis and construction of the concept of cause”. This permits to give university courses. His first lectures were on the Algebra of Logic, according to the recent translation to Polish of this book of the French logician Louis Couturat.Between 1902 and 1906, Lukasiewicz continued his studies in the universities of Berlin and Leuwen. In 1906, by his ‘Habilitationschrift’, he obtain the qualification as university professor at Lvov. And the, in 1911, he was appointed as associate professor in his ‘alma mater’.Jan Łukasiewicz was also very active in historical research on logic, giving a new and up-to-date interpretation of Aristotle’s syllogism and of the Stoics’ propositional calculus. According to Scholz, the better pages on history of logic are due to him. And also, as Arianna Betti says, “Jan Lukasiewicz is first and foremost associated with the rejection of the Principle of Bivalence and the discovery of Many-Valued Logic.”The discovery of MVL by Lukasiewicz was in 1918, a little earlier than Emil Leon Post. According to Jan Wolenski, “although Post’s remarks were parenthetical and extremely condensed, Lukasiewicz explained his intuitions and motivations carefully and at length. He was guided by considerations about future contingents and the concept of possibility”. So, he introduces, firstly, three-valued logic, then four-valued logic, generalized to logics with an arbitrary finite number of veritative values, and finally, to logics with a countably infinite-valued number of such values.Very noteworthy is his treatment of the history of logic in the light of the new formal logic. Thus, not only he addressed the issue of future contingents departing from Aristotle, but also put in value logic of the Stoics, at least so far taken. In fact, Heinrich Scholz said, rightly, that Lukasiewicz had written the most lucid pages on the history of logic. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Review Article:Knowledge, Ideology, and Skepticism in Ancient Slave StudiesKyle HarperNiall McKeown. The Invention of Ancient Slavery? Duckworth Classical Essays. London: Duckworth, 2007. 174 pp. Paper, $24.Ulrike Roth. Thinking Tools: Agricultural Slavery between Evidence and Models. BICS Supplement 92. London: Institute of Classical Studies, 2007. x + 171 pp. 10 figs. Paper, £28.Enrico Dal Lago and Constantina Katsari, eds. Slave Systems: Ancient and Modern. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. xiv (...) + 375 pp. Cloth, $99.Page DuBois. Slavery: Antiquity and Its Legacy. Ancients and Moderns. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. xi + 154 pp. Paper, $24.95.This recent harvest of books on ancient slavery shows that, thirty years after Moses Finley's Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology, the central themes of that seminal study remain lively topics in classical studies. The nature of slavery and the long-term dynamics of ancient slave systems are still vigorously contested. Above all, these newer works reflect an abiding and shared sense of epistemological limits: even as our understanding of ancient slavery grows (and it does), the extent of our ignorance and the decisive role of our starting assumptions come into clearer focus.Niall McKeown's The Invention of Ancient Slavery? most clearly exemplifies this tone of pervasive skepticism. Published in the Duckworth Classical Essays series, it is a short and insightful survey of the historiography of ancient slavery. Each of the book's seven chapters is a case study of a historian or historical school. McKeown writes "in the shadow of the postmodern challenge" (8), and his project throughout is principally deconstructive. Chapter 1 begins by exposing the contemporary preoccupations which underwrote the view of slavery proposed by Tenney Frank, for instance, in his notorious 1916 account of "race mixture" in the Roman empire. The chapter juxtaposes more recent studies based on epigraphic evidence, especially Joshel's important study on labor and identity. The virtue of [End Page 160] The Invention of Ancient Slavery? is its constant skepticism, but consequently all arguments about ancient slavery are presented as the result of prior convictions: "The way we choose to interpret ancient slavery has much to do with the way we want to interpret it" (28-29).The second chapter considers the Mainz Academy's Forschungen zur antiken Sklaverei and the French tradition of research centered in Besançon. McKeown describes the deep division between Anglophone scholars and their German counterparts, inspired not least by Finley's blistering critique of Joseph Vogt. McKeown identifies the genesis of his own book in the surprise he experienced upon discovering that his "liberal Anglophone" outlook was simply the "reverse image" of the Mainz Academy's broadly shared assumptions (31). McKeown is trying to unsettle the "lazy orthodoxies" (41) of the British/American tradition, but the problem with any basically empiricist model (such as the study of Kudlien which McKeown highlights) is precisely that it fails to overcome the blind spots of ancient and modern ideology alike. McKeown contrasts Kudlien's study with the work of Garrido-Hory; she reaches more pessimistic conclusions about ancient slavery, so McKeown argues, not because the evidence demands it, but because she is prepared by her starting premises to find such conclusions.Chapter 3 examines Marxist approaches to ancient slavery. As McKeown notes, Marxism can mean many different things. Shtaerman and Trofimova, for instance, described the long-term history of slavery in rather orthodox terms of continuous class struggle. McKeown suggests that Shtaerman and Trofimova's work is "perhaps the most sophisticated and wide-ranging argument ever produced on ancient slavery" (54-55), but this view will not be shared by all. Their work is by far the best of a large body of Soviet scholarship on ancient slavery, and it was produced under considerable analytical constraints, but McKeown's chapter is a devastating critique. In the space of about sixteen inspired pages, McKeown manages to undermine the foundations of the orthodox Marxist metanarrative of ancient slavery. One wishes, however, for some consideration of the Italian neo-Marxist scholarship emanating from the Istituto Gramsci; this is easily the most important tradition not submitted to McKeown's acute critical gaze.Keith Bradley, whose work is placed in its context as a polemic... (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Ortega's Thought and the Spanish Philosophical Emigration to Latin America Ortega's Influence in Latin America References Further Reading.

Esta meditación quisiera enfatizar ese plus que parece potenciar la disposición afectiva para con la comprensión del Dasein, intentando atisbar, a partir de lo expreso mismo en la disposición afectiva y en tanto aporte no-apofántico, la posibilidad de tematización de la mismidad del Dasein, una mismidad entendida como posibilidad de recuperar una elección, a través de un acto comprensivoejecutivo llamado transparencia. Tal tentativa se ejerce dentro de los límites intrínsecos del existenciario ser-en desarrollado en la obra magna de Heidegger: Ser (...) y Tiempo. (shrink)

Primero el artículo analiza críticamente la interpretación de la filosofía levinasiana como un palimpsesto que trascribe al lenguaje del logos la experiencia religiosa judía. Luego muestra cómo el ideal descriptivo y las nociones fenomenológicas de intencionalidad, sensibilidad y subjetividad constituyen el punto de partida y la inspiración filosófica originaria de Levinas. Finalmente precisa en qué sentido aquellos rasgos del pensamiento levinasiano que trascienden la fenomenología son conciliables con el presupuesto fundamental de la fenomenología misma.

El artículo analiza desde una perspectiva fenomenológica y hermenéutica el modo originario de donación del mundo y el origen del mundo en el pensamiento de Jan Patočka posterior a 1965. Primero muestra en qué sentido tanto la donación del mundo como horizonte, cuanto los movimientos de la existencia humana, implican un vínculo esencial entre el modo originario de darse del mundo y la noción de infinito, concebido como lo indefinido e inagotable. Finalmente explicita por qué el vínculo del mundo con (...) lo infinito reposa sobre un impulso creativo divino que constituye el fundamento cosmológico de la religiosidad humana. (shrink)

The traditional way of understanding life, as a self-appropriating and self-organizing process of not ceasing to exist, of taking care of one's own hunger, is challenged by today's unprecedented proliferation of discourses and techniques concerning the living being. This challenge entails questioning the fundamental concepts of metaphysical thinking--namely, time, finality, and, above all, being. Garrido argues that today we are in a position to repeat Nietzsche's assertion that there is no other representation of "being" than that of "living." But (...) in order to carry out this deconstruction of ontology, we need to find new ways of asking: What is life? In this study, Garrido establishes the basic elements of the question concerning life through readings of Aristotle, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Derrida; through the discussion of scientific breakthroughs in thermodynamics and evolutionary and developmental biology; and through the reexamination of the notion of hunger in both its metaphysical and its political implications. (shrink)

El artículo se propone mostrar el puntode cruce entre el lenguaje ético y elmetafórico. Para ello emprende primero un análisis de la noción de sentido que parte de la elucidación heideggeriana del fenómeno del mundo, distingue entre la dimensión nominal y verbal del sentido y reinterpreta la concepción de Ricoeur de metáfora como innovación semántica abierta. En segundo lugar, y de acuerdo con Levinas, se caracteriza al lenguajeético como Decir. Finalmente se explicitan las diferentes analogías entreambos lenguajes, su unidad esencial:la (...) noción del lenguaje como puracuestión y su testimonio: la relación de remisión originaria al otro comofuente del sentido. (shrink)

El artículo es una investigación introductoria de la filosofía de la educación de Jane Addams en los primeros años de actividad del settlement Hull-House. Esto incluye su etapa desde sus inicios en 1889 hasta el cambio político y epistemológico que experimentó Addams cuando se opuso firmemente a la participación bélica de los Estados Unidos a la Primera Guerra Mundial en 1917 y cuando se comprometió de forma sólida con el movimiento sufragista pacifista y la educación de las mujeres en los (...) años 20. El objetivo es examinar la crítica de Addams sobre los desajustes sociales que afectaban a la infancia y la adolescencia del Chicago de finales de siglo XIX: el “estado de insensibilidad estética,” la liberación del espacio doméstico y la corrupción política en las pandillas. En particular, el trabajo analiza la noción de educación socializada y su relación con la demanda de creación de espacios lúdicos públicos o pleasure grounds. Las actividades lúdicas y educativas organizadas en el parque infantil tenían un significado artístico, cultural y político que facilitaba la socialización de la democracia y la materialización de la reforma y el progreso lateral. (shrink)

Four types of truth can be distinguished in scientific knowledge: local truths, truths by definition, mathematical truths and empirical truths. These types are strongly interrelated: empirical theories use the four types; mathematical theories are concerned only with the first three clases, whereas logical theories contain just logical truths and definitions. Those relationships allow to classify the types of truth from two viewpoints concerning, respectively, their degree of abstraction and their relative power. The multiplicity of truth modes means that the idea (...) of truth as unique and complete description of the world can be considered inadequate. (shrink)

The starting point of this work is the existence of historical paradoxes in the set theory. These are: Russell's paradox, applied to the set W, Cantor's, for the set U, and Burali-Forti's, of the set Omega. A systematic analysis aimed at the simplification and the refining of such paradoxes showed that: there exist at least eight contradictory expressions instead of three; another contradictory set is suggested by an extension of Burali-Forti's paradox; almost all of the contradictions apply to more than (...) one paradoxical set. (shrink)

We study the implications for monopoly pricing strategies and product diversity of consumers’ temptation when the differentiation of the product is horizontal. Consumers have an ex-ante ideal product, but they and the monopolist are aware that consumers may fall prey to “temptation preferences” ex-post with some probability. Our results indicate that when consumers are aware of their dynamic change in preferences, the firm cannot take advantage of consumers’ temptation but instead, in order to attract them into the store, the firm (...) must compensate ex-ante consumers for the possibility of yielding to temptation once inside the store. As a result, this paper shows that the firm narrows the variety of products, not offering those products close to temptation preferences. Moreover, it is shown that product prices and firm’s profits decrease with the probability of temptation and with the consumers’ awareness of their dynamic inconsistency. (shrink)

Resumen: Este artículo de investigación, desde los límites intrínsecos de los §§. 39-42 de la obra Ser y Tiempo, busca tematizar la mismidad del Dasein, en tanto saber de un sí-mismo no cósico que es correlato de la existencialidad y la facticidad de este ente, desde el modo de aparecer del existenciario cuidado, precisamente aquel encargado de dotar de unidad o totalidad estructural a los momentos constitutivos del ser-en-el-mundo como tal. Este análisis es ejercido con el fin de potenciar una (...) posible vinculación entre cuidado y mismidad, donde, según parece, la mismidad se constituye como condición necesaria y suficiente del cuidado, responsable no solo de favorecer su unidad temática, sino el tránsito de la impropiedad a la propiedad existencial.: From the intrinsic limits of §§. 39-42 of the work Being and Time, this research paper seeks to thematize the Selfhood of Dasein understood as a non-thingness wisdom of self, the which is correlative of the existentiality and facticity of this entity. This searching is carried out from the mode of appearing of existential Care, precisely this existential word is responsible for endowing of unit and / or structural totality to the constitutive moments of the being-in-the-world as such. This analysis also is exercised in order to enhance a possible link between Care and Selfhood, where, as it seems, the Selfhood is constituted as a neccesary and sufficient condition of Care. This Selfhood is responsable for not only to favor the unity of Care, but the transition from impropriety to existential property of Dasein. (shrink)

With this article, I seek to examine Krause’s analysis of the self in Analitische Philosophie, and in particular in Vorlesungen über die Psychische Anthropologie. But I do so through the texts that the Spanish Krausists devoted either to translating or to discussing and disseminating Krause’s ideas in dialogue with the philosophies of the time. In my exposition and examination of the doctrine of the self, I focus on its embedding in a particular existence through embodiment, and argue that these are (...) aspects with which Krausism can still illuminate the debate about human subjectivity. (shrink)

This is a collection of new investigations and discoveries on the history of a great tradition, the Lvov-Warsaw School of logic , philosophy and mathematics, by the best specialists from all over the world. The papers range from historical considerations to new philosophical, logical and mathematical developments of this impressive School, including applications to Computer Science, Mathematics, Metalogic, Scientific and Analytic Philosophy, Theory of Models and Linguistics.

El artículo se propone determinar el límite entre fenomenología y gnosis en la filosofía del cristianismo de M. Henry. Para ello analiza la cuestión del Archi-hijo en Soy yo la verdad, la de Archi-carne en Encarnación y la de la legitimación de las palabras que Cristo pronuncia sobre sí mismo en Palabras de Cristo. El análisis muestra, en primer lugar, en qué medida el tratamiento de estas tres cuestiones supera el límite estrictamente fenomenológico del pensamiento y remite a una gnosis (...) o experiencia de fe particular. En segundo lugar, explicita cómo, independientemente de esta gnosis, la intuición henryana acerca de la esencia de la vida abre un acceso fenomenológico genuino a la relación religiosa. (shrink)

Este libro cuenta la historia de pensamiento filosófico y científico español e hispanoamericano desarrollado a lo largo del recién pasado siglo XX. Su propósito es ser un companion, una guía o compañero, que introduzca y oriente en esta materia de una manera eficaz, atractiva e interesante. La primera de sus cuatro partes se ocupa de la llamada Edad de Plata de la cultura española, que comienza en los últimos años del siglo XIX y termina con el estallido de la Guerra (...) Civil. La segunda abarca el cuarto de siglo comprendido entre el principio de la Guerra Civil y la década de los sesenta, el periodo que corresponde a la dictadura franquista y en el que resulta obligado contemplar separadamente el pensamiento de la España residente en el territorio nacional y en el exilio. La tercera parte se ocupa del estudio de los últimos cuarenta años del siglo XX, cuyas dos primeras décadas, fueron revolucionarias y rupturitas. La cuarta y última parte contiene una historia sintética del pensamiento hispanoamericano del siglo XX, escrita por filósofos hispanoamericanos interesados en comprender la historia intelectual de sus respectivos países. Hemos querido de esta forma renovar la memoria y profundizar en el recuerdo de que buena parte de los herederos culturales de la Edad de Plata española fueron exiliados en esos países para devenir ciudadanos suyos. (shrink)

The article analyzes, from a phenomenological-hermeneutic standpoint, three aspects of Kierkegaard’s views on existence: existence as freedom and becoming, existence as relation to an absolute telos, and existence as acceptance of one’s own being. The purposes of the analysis are twofold. First, it aims to show that existence, being a self-election and as such a finite action, consummates itself, paradoxically, as a passion for infinitude and obedience to the Absolute. Second, it attempts to explain the two fundamental dimensions of obedience: (...) the immanent dimension as assent to the pathos that moves our existence, and the transcendent dimension as the acceptance of our dependence on an uncertain and unattainable Absolute. (shrink)

El objetivo del presente artículo es esclarecer el valor de la noción de historia en la obra de Gilles Deleuze a partir de su relación con la historia de la filosofía. Esta propuesta es realizada a partir del análisis de los diferentes estilos que para la escritura filosófica ensayó y tematizó el filósofo francés como modo de reinterpretar el canon de la filosofía. Dicha estrategia, en Deleuze, supone perseguir el sentido interno del estilo en la filosofía y su vinculación con (...) la noción de historia a través de un régimen de signos diferente al del ámbito de la representación. Desde esta perspectiva, nuestra investigación recorre la comprensión de la historia a partir de la categoría de producción en tanto que historia de lo contingente y nos obliga a repensar el tiempo y la naturaleza de los acontecimientos históricos, con especial atención a la revolución. (shrink)

The problem of the origin of geometry is crucial for understanding the formation and development of Derrida’s early conception of historicity. Mathematical idealities offer the most powerful example of meanings that are fully transmissible through history. Against Husserl’s explanation of the particular, Derrida considers that the logic and progression of mathematical idealities can only be explained if they are referred to non-intentional and pre-subjective movements of production and development of significations: language itself, which is structured as non-phonetic writing. Historicity is, (...) to Derrida’s eyes, the non-intentional and non-present structure at work in the formation and transmission of meaning. Therefore, pure transmissibility of meaning is an essentially equivocal and creative process. However, Derrida’s analyses fail at understanding the logic of mathematical progression. He explains it by generalizing consciousness’ inner temporality to what he describes as being the “dialecticity” of non-present temporal modes. But the dialecticity of mathematical concepts is not reducible to the dialecticity of temporal modes of experience. We cannot characterize the pre-intentional conditions of historicity if we put into brackets the concrete field in which history becomes factual, i.e. in which meaning and appearing actually historialize: the effective progression of objects. (shrink)

Utilizando el argumento de la novela Bouvard y Pécuchetde Flaubert, como posible refutación del Mundo 3 de Popper, analizamos algunas de las principales consecuencias que para la filosofía de la mente, así como para la ciencia y el conocimiento, tiene el pensamiento popperiano sobre el llamado mundo del conocimiento objetivo.

Este artículo pretende realizar un análisis semiótico del rito dancístico del pascol, el cual se distingue por ser una de las prácticas culturales más importantes de los indígenas rarámuri que radican en la región de barrancas de la sierra occidental del noroeste de México. A través del análisis de la semiosis de este rito dancístico intentaremos mostrar cómo es el proceso de significación interpretativa que le otorgan los rarámuri para explicar su cosmovisión. Se tendrá como finalidad dar cuenta que esta (...) práctica cultural es un símbolo esencial del proceso de la asociación de signos cuya acción o influencia compone una parte sustantiva de la cosmovisión de este grupo étnico, que tiene entre sus principales funciones mantener algunos preceptos socioculturales para la estabilidad futura de las familias y la comunidad. (shrink)

The clinical empiricism of Thomas Sydenham (1624–1689) and his definition of especie morbosae represented a substantial turn in the medicine of his time. This turn supposed the shift towards an ontological conception of diseases, from a qualitative to quantitative interpretation. Sydenham’s clinical proposal had a great influence on empiricism philosophical thinking, particularly in John Locke and his delimitation of knowledge. The dialogue between medicine and philosophy, set out by Sydenham-Locke, reactivates the problem of the clinical and theoretical foundations of medical (...) thought, as well as the limits of scientific knowledge. Similar to problem exposed in the Hippocratic treatise On ancient medicine, seventeenth-century medicine seeks its epistemological foundations and the solution to its difficulties in clinical experience, probability and analogy. The aim of this work is to show the Sydenham’s contribution to one of the great controversies between medicine and philosophy. (shrink)

The conception of contagious disease that Girolamo Fracastoro provides in his work De contagione et contagiosis morbis, marks the origin of modern epidemiology and microbiology. This conception puts into play the Galenic and Aristotelian traditions of research, faced with its own conceptual limitations of the growing mechanistic thought of the time. According to Fracastoro, epidemic diseases spread by invisible living germs called seminaria, begotten by corrupted humours. Fracastoro resorted to the old notions of "sympathy" and "antipathy" to respond to questions (...) about how seminaria is transmitted from one body to another, and what is the specificity that limits its transmission to certain species and organs. Like Galileo and Descartes, Fracastoro tries to establish a dialogue in the field of medicine between the Aristotelian vitalism and the modern mechanistic perspective. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the ideological, theoretical and conceptual assumptions, both philosophical and scientific, assumed by Fracastoro with regard to the problem of contagion. (shrink)